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ISSN: 0031-3939
Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics
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1/2020
vol. 95
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Evaluation and treatment of undescended testicle

Dorota Toliczenko-Bernatowicz
1
,
Ewa Matuszczak
1
,
Marta Komarowska
1
,
Adam Hermanowicz
1
,
Wojciech Dębek
1

  1. Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Pediatr Pol 2020; 95 (1): 37–43
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/polp.2020.94927
Online publish date: 2020/03/31
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Cryptorchidism – the absence of one or both testes in the normal scrotal position – is the most common birth defect of the male genitalia. In full-term newborn boys its incidence is estimated at 2–5%. During the first three months of life, in half of these boys the testicles will descend spontaneously into the scrotum, but at the end of the first year of life 1% of boys will have cryptorchidism. Among boys born prematurely, about 30% of them have undescended testicles at birth, but also in such cases approximately 80% of undescended testes descend by the third month of life. The authors discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, aetiology, and treatment of undescended testicle in boys.
keywords:

cryptorchidism, undescended testicle, boys, epidemiology, pathophysiology, aetiology