1. Wang C, Wang Z, Wang G. COVID-19 in early 2021: current status and looking forward. Sig Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6(114), doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00527-1.
2.
Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 94: 44–48, doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004.
3.
Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 – 1 June 2021 [Internet]. Who.int 2022 [cited 4.06.2021]. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---1-june-2021.
4.
Surendra H, Elyazar IR, Djaafara BA, et al. Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 9: 100108, doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100108.
5.
Ranjan R, Sharma A, Verma M. Characterization of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India Characterization of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India. Current Science 2021; 121(1): 85–93.
6.
Chen J, Wang R, Wang M, et al. Mutations Strengthened SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. J Mol Biol 2020; 432(19): 5212–5226, doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.009.
7.
Davies NG, Davies NG, Abbott S, et al. Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. Science 2021; 372(6538): eabg3055, doi: 10.1126/science.abg3055.
8.
Vallverdu I, Herna S, Iftimie S, et al. First and second waves of coronavirus disease-19: a comparative study in hospitalized patients in Reus, Spain. PLoS ONE 2021; 16(3): e0248029, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248029.
9.
Tuite AR, Fisman DN, Odutayo A, et al. COVID-19 hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths associated with the new variants of concern. Science Briefs of the Ontario COVID19 Science Advisory Table 2021; 1(18), doi: 10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.18.1.0.
10.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) Situation Report-56. Cdn.who.int 2022 [cited 4.06.2021]. Available from URL: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/external-situation-report-56_26-may-2021.pdf?sfvrsn=b05d7bb5_5.
11.
Susanto N. Differences of confirmatory case, mortality rate and incident mortality of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Asia and WHO online data case study. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 2021; 12(1): 50–59. doi: 10.26553/jikm.2021.12.1.50-59.
12.
Al-Jahdhami I, Al-Naamani K, Al-Mawali A. The Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (Long COVID). Oman Med J 2021; 36(1): e220, doi: 10.5001/omj.2021.91.
13.
Baker AKF, Hanrath AAT, Loeff BIS van der, et al. National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to identify inpatient COVID-19 deterioration: a retrospective analysis. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21(2): 84–89, doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0688.
14.
Vittorio G, Anna DS, Francesco G, et al. National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) better predicts critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) illness than COVID‑GRAM, a multi‑centre study. Infection 2021; 49(5): 1033–1038, doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01620-x.
15.
Luo H, Liu S, Wang Y, et al. Age differences in clinical features and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, Jiangsu, China: A retrospective, multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e039887, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039887.
16.
Yi P, Yang X, Ding C, et al. Risk factors and clinical features of deterioration in COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang, China: a single-centre, retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20(1): 943, doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05682-4.
17.
O’Driscoll M, Ribeiro Dos Santos G, Wang L, et al. Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021; 590(7844): 140–145, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0.
18.
Ho JSY, Fernando DI, Chan MY, et al. Obesity in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020; 49(12): 996–1008.
19.
Bajaj V, Gadi N, Spihlman AP, et al. Aging, Immunity, and COVID-19: How Age Influences the Host Immune Response to Coronavirus Infections? Front Physiol 2021; 11: 1–23.
20.
Crimmins EM. Age-Related Vulnerability to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Biological, Contextual, and Policy-Related Factors. Public Policy Aging Rep 2020; 30(4): 142–146.
21.
Dehingia N, Raj A. Sex differences in COVID-19 case fatality: do we know enough? Lancet Glob Heal 2021; 9(1): e14–e45, doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30464-2.
22.
Jin JM, Bai P, He W, et al. Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality. Front Public Heal 2020; 8: 1–6.
23.
Du Y, Zhou N, Zha W, et al. Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31(3): 745–755, doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.009.
24.
Xiong TY, Huang FY, Liu Q, et al. Hypertension is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a cohort study. Ann Med 2020; 52(7): 361–366, doi: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1802059.
25.
Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, et al. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36(7): 1–9.
26.
Iacobellis G. COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162: 108125, doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108125.
27.
Huang I, Lim M, Pranata R. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14(4): 395–403, doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018.
28.
Bouhanick B, Cracowski J-L, Faillie J-L. Diabetes and COVID-19. Therapie 2020; 75(4): 327–333, doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.006.
29.
Palaiodimos L, Chamorro-Pareja N, Karamanis D, et al. Diabetes is associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 18,506 patients. Hormones 2021; 20(2): 305–314.
30.
De Almeida-Pititto B, Dualib PM, Zajdenverg L, et al. Severity and mortality of COVID 19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12(1): 1–12, doi: 10.1186/s13098-020-00586-4.
31.
Vinciguerra M, Romiti S, Fattouch K, et al. Atherosclerosis as Pathogenetic Substrate for Sars-Cov2 Cytokine Storm. J Clin Med 2020; 9(7): 2095.
32.
Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, et al. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75(18): 2352–2371.
33.
Alaa A, Qian Z, Rashbass J, et al. Retrospective cohort study of admission timing and mortality following COVID-19 infection in England. BMJ Open 2020; 10(11): e042712.
34.
Faes C, Abrams S, Beckhoven D van, et al. Time between symptom onset, hospitalisation and recovery or death: Statistical analysis of belgian COVID-19 patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(20): 1–18.
35.
Peng L, Lv Q-Q, Yang F, et al. The interval between onset and admission predicts disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9(3): 213–213.
36.
Tao Z, Xu J, Chen W, et al. Anemia is associated with severe illness in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2021; 93(3): 1478–1488.
37.
Faghih Dinevari M, Somi MH, Sadeghi Majd E, et al. Anemia predicts poor outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: a prospective study in Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21(1): 1–7.
38.
Cecconi M, Piovani D, Brunetta E, et al. Early predictors of clinical deterioration in a cohort of 239 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in Lombardy, Italy. J Clin Med 2020; 9(5): 1–16.
39.
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical Course and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID19 in Wuhan China. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8(5): 475–481.
40.
Trabulus S, Karaca C, Balkan II, et al. Kidney function on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in COVID-19. PLoS One 2020; 5: 1–14, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238680.
41.
Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int 2020; 97(5): 829–838.
42.
Uribarri A, Núñez-Gil IJ, Aparisi A, et al. Impact of renal function on admission in COVID-19 patients: an analysis of the international HOPE COVID-19 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19) Registry. J Nephrol 2020; 33(4): 737–745, doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00790-5.
43.
Krishnasamy N, Rajendran K, Barua P, et al. Elevated Liver Enzymes along with Comorbidity Is a High Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality: A South Indian Study on 1,512 Patients. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2020.00100.
44.
Ahmed M, Umar M, Sufyan A, et al. Liver Function Tests; a Marker of Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Austin Hepatol 2020; 5(1): 1–4.
45.
Leulseged TW, Hassen IS, Ayele BT, et al. Laboratory biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and outcome: findings from a developing country. PLoS One 2021; 16: 1–13, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246087.