Interleukin 1-β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and vitamin D levels in children with atopic dermatitis

Introduction
Among the broad spectrum of cytokines, interleukin 1- (IL-1) has been implicated in induction and subsequent aggravation of skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD). A considerable body of evidence suggests that vitamin D status also influences the risk and/or severity of AD.

Material and methods
Fifty-seven children suffering from mild to severe AD were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 33 matched healthy children. In all the children serum concentrations of IL-1/IL-1F2 and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist IL-Ra/1F3 were measured. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was obtained for 49 patients with AD and all healthy children.

Results
In children with AD 59.2% of children had insufficiency, 24.5% had deficiency and 16.3% had a sufficient serum 25(OH)D level. In the control group 26.5%, 52.9% and 20% of participants had insufficiency/deficiency/sufficiency of 25(OH)D, respectively. The severity of AD was positively correlated with total IgE level, percentage and absolute count of eosinophils and IL-1Ra. IL-1 correlated with IL-1Ra.

Conclusions
In children with AD the serum vitamin D level was lower than in healthy children. The correlation between severity of AD and IL-1Ra may prove that inflammasome-dependent IL-1 is involved in immunopathogenesis of the disease. Further studies are needed on a larger population of children to confirm the role of this cytokine in development of AD.