Pancreatic cystic lesions in diabetes mellitus patients

Introduction
According to the literature exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is relatively common among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Pseudocysts are the most common cystic lesions and may be formed in the setting of acute or chronic pancreatitis. However, whether DM is involved or not in pancreatic cyst formation is still not well established.

Aim
To investigate the frequency and risk factors of cystic lesions in diabetic patients.

Material and methods
One hundred and sixty-one patients with DM, with no previous history of pancreatic diseases, were prospectively included in the study. Endosonography followed by fine needle aspiration biopsy was then performed.

Results
Finally, 33 of 161 patients (20.5%) were recognized with cystic lesions of the pancreas. Among them 5 patients were classified as cystic neoplasms, and 28 as pseudocysts. In the group of patients with pseudocysts, cystic lesions were significantly more prevalent in individuals with DM lasting less than 3 years. Prevalence of cystic lesions was significantly higher in metformin users in comparison to other diabetic patients (p < 0.05). Cystic lesions were more frequent in patients above 50 years of age (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The prevalence of cystic lesions in the diabetic population is higher than in the general population. DM seems to play a major role in the process of cyst development, especially in patients without previous history of pancreatitis. Higher prevalence of cystic lesions in early diabetes seems to be the first stage of pancreatic injury. The exact role of diabetes duration and type of treatment should be established.