eISSN: 2720-5371
ISSN: 1230-2813
Advances in Psychiatry and Neurology/Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii
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2/2024
vol. 33
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes of small cell lung cancer

Maedeh Barahman
1
,
Gholamreza Shamsaei
2
,
Davood Kashipazha
2
,
Mohammad Bahadoram
2
,
Esma’il Akade
3

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Firoozgar Hospital, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  3. Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Adv Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 33 (2): 80–92
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2024.141157
Online publish date: 2024/07/11
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Purpose
This article reviews the relevant literature on paraneoplastic neurological syndromes of small cell lung cancer and discusses the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of these syndromes. It also includes a summary of the current treatment options for the management of them.

Views
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of signs and symptoms that develop due to cancer in a remote site, mainly triggered by an autoantibody produced by the tissues involved or lymphocytes during anti-cancer defense. Among the cancers associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, lung cancers are the most common type, with small cell lung cancer being the most common subtype. The most common antibody associated with paraneoplastic syndromes is anti-Hu. Neurological and neuroendocrine syndromes comprise the majority of small cell lung cancer-related paraneoplastic syndromes. Classical paraneoplastic neurological syndromes include inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Cushing’s syndrome, myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, limbic encephalitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia, sensory neuropathy, and chorea.

Conclusions
Antibodies mediate paraneoplastic syndromes, and antibody detection is a crucial part of diagnosing these entities. Managing the underlying tumor is the best treatment approach for most paraneoplastic syndromes. Therefore, early diagnosis of small cell lung cancer may significantly improve the prognosis of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with it.

keywords:

lung carcinoma, pathogenesis, symptom, diagnosis, treatment
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