eISSN: 2084-9885
ISSN: 1896-6764
Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia/Neuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology
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1/2010
vol. 5
 
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Review article
Hypocretins (orexins) – a role in addiction to psychoactive compounds

Jolanta B. Zawilska
,
Kaja Biegańska
,
Małgorzata Milanowska
,
Agata Woldan-Tambor

Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia 2010; 5, 1: 1–9
Online publish date: 2010/06/24
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Hypocretins (orexins) are recently discovered neuropeptides synthesized by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus that have been implicated in a variety of behav­iors, e.g. food-seeking and feeding, reaction to stress, arousal and sleep. Disturbances in the central hypocretin neurotransmission are believed to underlie narcolepsy. It has also been postulated that hypocretins play an important role in the regulation of HPA axis, energy homeostasis, acquisition and learning of reward system-stimulating signals. In this review we discuss anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological and behavioral data indicating an involvement of hypocretins in reward-seeking and addiction to psychoactive drugs, including relapse to drug-seeking behavior after periods of abstinence.
keywords:

hypocretins orexins, addiction, relapse, morphine, amphetamine, cocaine
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