eISSN: 1644-4124
ISSN: 1426-3912
Central European Journal of Immunology
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4/2022
vol. 47
 
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abstract:
Clinical immunology

The analysis of Fe-dependent serum enzymes in severe COVID-19 with a pulmonary thrombotic event

Jarosław Bakiera
1
,
Cezary Grochowski
2
,
Karolina Strzelec-Pawełczak
3
,
Ida Osuchowska-Grochowska
1
,
Mateusz Szymański
4
,
Aleksander Michalski
5
,
Kinga Kulczycka
6
,
Katarzyna Czarnek
6
,
Jacek Bogucki
7
,
Eliza Blicharska
8

  1. Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Coagulation and Microbiology, Stefan Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital, Lublin, Poland
  2. Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  3. Neonatology Department, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Poland
  4. Department of Anesthesiology, Stefan Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital, Lublin, Poland
  5. 1st Military Hospital, Lublin, Poland
  6. Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  7. Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  8. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Cent Eur J Immunol 2022; 47 (4): 293-298
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2022.124076
Online publish date: 2023/01/13
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Introduction:
COVID-19 patients in critical condition requiring ICU admission are more likely to experience thromboembolic complications, especially pulmonary embolism. Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians have struggled with the attempt to diagnose and manage the severe and fatal complications of COVID-19 appropriately. Several reports have described significant procoagulatory events, including life-threatening pulmonary embolism, in these patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of selected serum enzymes in patients with a radiologically confirmed pulmonary thrombotic event based on the pulmonary tissue involvement assessed in a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Material and methods:
The retrospective study covered a group of 226 COVID-19 patients. Groups were divided based on the degree of lung tissue involvement in CT examinations, including patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. The analyzed group consisted of 136 men and 90 women with mean age of 70 years.

Results:
The group consisted of patients with < 50% of lung volume changes who had higher parameter values in each analyzed parameter, except red blood cells (RBC) (p < 0.05). Especially, the level of ferritin was much higher in the first group (p = 0.000008). Elevated ferritin levels were observed in all patients with lung tissue involvement.

Discussion:
This line of research is critical in order to assess the predisposing conditions for pulmonary embolism occurrence in COVID-19, which can be used as a predictive factor for course of the disease. The conducted research will resolve whether there is a relationship between the selected laboratory parameters and the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrated that elevated levels of several inflammatory and thrombotic parameters such as ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as hemoglobin do not correlate with the degree of lung tissue involvement in the computed tomography image.

keywords:

pulmonary embolism, cytokine storm, COVID-19
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