The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine

Leppert W, Dzierżanowski T, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Jarosz J, Pyszkowska J, Stachowiak A. The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine. 2009;1(1):2-10.

APA

Leppert, W., Dzierżanowski, T., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A., Jarosz, J., Pyszkowska, J.,  & Stachowiak, A. (2009). The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine, 1(1), 2-10.

Chicago

Leppert, Wojciech, Tomasz Dzierżanowski, Aleksandra Ciałkowska-Rysz, Jerzy Jarosz, Jadwiga Pyszkowska,  and Andrzej Stachowiak. 2009. "The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine". Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine 1 (1): 2-10.

Harvard

Leppert, W., Dzierżanowski, T., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A., Jarosz, J., Pyszkowska, J.,  and Stachowiak, A. (2009). The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine, 1(1), pp.2-10.

MLA

Leppert, Wojciech et al. "The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine." Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009, pp. 2-10.

Vancouver

Leppert W, Dzierżanowski T, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Jarosz J, Pyszkowska J, Stachowiak A. The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine. 2009;1(1):2-10.

These recommendations on the management of constipation in palliative medicine patients were elaborated based on a review of the available literature – PubMed and Medline databases were searched with the headings: “constipation”, “opioid-induced constipation”, “laxatives”, “opioid receptor antagonists” and “palliative care”. References to literature used for these recommendations are listed at the end of the paper. The authors’ own experience and availability of drugs in Poland were taken into consideration when preparing these recommendations. Moreover, all authors were asked to judge each recommendation using the Delphi procedure. It should be emphasized that these recommendations are general and in each individual they should be adjusted according to the clinical condition and patients’ needs.

keywords:

The management of constipation in palliative medicine – recommendations of the Expert Working Group of the Polish Association for Palliative Medicine

Wojciech Leppert , Tomasz Dzierżanowski , Aleksandra Ciałkowska-Rysz , Jerzy Jarosz , Jadwiga Pyszkowska , Andrzej Stachowiak

constipation, laxatives, opioids, opioid-induced constipation, opioid receptor antagonists, treatment

Wojciech Leppert

,

Tomasz Dzierżanowski

,

Aleksandra Ciałkowska-Rysz

,

Jerzy Jarosz

,

Jadwiga Pyszkowska

,

Andrzej Stachowiak