The parameters of carotid plaques’ calcifications and clinical nature of the lesions in the context of revascularization treatment. The enlargement of calcifications is still the most important

Introduction
It remains a challenge to determine criteria according to which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis could be properly qualified for revascularization treatment. Carotid calcification assessment seems to be here quite attractive. The aim of the study was the histological analysis of various parameters of calcifications in human carotid plaques in relation to the symptomatic/asymptomatic nature of the lesions.

Material and methods
The study involved carotid plaques taken from patients who have undergone endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery.

Results
Calcified plaques (with enlarged calcifications) were significantly more frequently asymptomatic than non-calcified plaques. The remaining calcification characteristics played no role. Calcified lesions disclosed the dominance of the fibrous component and the small lipid core significantly more frequently than non-calcified plaques. The percentage of females in the patients group with calcified lesions was significantly higher than in the group with non-calcified plaques. The percentage of males was lower. The former patients group used statins and angiotensin inhibitors significantly more frequently than patients with non-calcified plaques. Enlarged calcifications were independently associated with the asymptomatic nature of the carotid plaques.

Conclusions
The enlargement of calcifications in carotid plaques is the only calcification parameter important for the clinical outcome of carotid atherosclerosis. Patients with calcified carotid plaques have a significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke than patients with non-calcified lesions.