1. Chargari C, Deutsch E, Blanchard P et al. Brachytherapy: An overview for clinicians. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69: 386-401.
2.
Lawrie TA, Green JT, Beresford M et al. Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 1: CD012529.
3.
Mariados N, Sylvester J, Shah D et al. Hydrogel spacer prospective multicenter randomized controlled pivotal trial: Dosimetric and clinical effects of perirectal spacer application in men undergoing prostate image guided intensity modulated radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92: 971-977.
4.
Mariados NF, Orio PF, 3rd, Schiffman Z et al. Hyaluronic acid spacer for hypofractionated prostate radiation therapy: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9: 511-518.
5.
Covidence systematic review software. Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. Available at: www.covidence.org. Accessed April 28th, 2024.
6.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: n71.
7.
Damato AL, Kassick M, Viswanathan AN. Rectum and bladder spacing in cervical cancer brachytherapy using a novel injectable hydrogel compound. Brachytherapy 2017; 16: 949-955.
8.
Kishi K, Mabuchi Y, Sonomura T et al. Eradicative brachytherapy with hyaluronate gel injection into pararectal space in treatment of bulky vaginal stump recurrence of uterine cancer. J Radiat Res 2012; 53: 601-607.
9.
Basu S, Manir KS, Basu A, Ghosh K. Rectal separation using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in intracavitary brachytherapy of cervical cancer: an innovative approach. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2016; 8: 399-403.
10.
Ahmed O, Nguyen VD, Ginsburg M, Barry P. CT-guided placement of a polyethylene glycol hydrogel in brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancy to limit nontarget organ toxicity. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30: 469-471.
11.
Murakami N, Shima S, Okuma K et al. Artificial ascites for organs at risk sparing in intrapelvic brachytherapy: a case report of recurrent uterine cervical carcinoma adjacent to the bowel. BJR Case Rep 2019; 5: 20180067.
12.
Karube M, Murakami N, Okamoto H et al. Transvaginal artificial ascites infusion as a spacer in gynecological brachytherapy: a novel technique. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2020; 12: 487-491.
13.
Takagawa Y, Itami J. SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer in interstitial brachytherapy for intrapelvic recurrent endometrial cancer. BJR Case Rep 2022; 8: 20210220.
14.
Sakuramachi M, Murakami N, Nagao A et al. Hydrogel spacer injection to the meso-sigmoid to protect the sigmoid colon in cervical cancer brachytherapy: A technical report. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2023; 15: 465-469.
15.
Marnitz S, Budach V, Weisser F et al. Rectum separation in patients with cervical cancer for treatment planning in primary chemo-radiation. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7: 109.
16.
Viswanathan AN, Damato AL, Nguyen PL. Novel use of a hydrogel spacer permits reirradiation in otherwise incurable recurrent gynecologic cancers. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: e446-447.
17.
Kashihara T, Murakami N, Tselis N et al. Hyaluronate gel injection for rectum dose reduction in gynecologic high-dose-rate brachytherapy: initial Japanese experience. J Radiat Res 2019; 60: 501-508.
18.
Murakami N, Shima S, Kashihara T et al. Hyaluronic gel injection into the vesicovaginal septum for high-dose-rate brachytherapy of uterine cervical cancer: an effective approach for bladder dose reduction. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2019; 11: 1-7.
19.
Muramoto Y, Murakami N, Karino T et al. MucoUp(R) as a spacer in brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer: A first-in-human experience. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 42: 100659.
20.
Iijima K, Murakami N, Nakamura S et al. Configuration analysis of the injection position and shape of the gel spacer in gynecologic brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2021; 20: 95-103.
21.
Takatsu J, Murakami N, Muramoto Y et al. Safe dose escalation and reduction of the fraction number of uterine cervical brachytherapy using a gel spacer in the rectovaginal and vesicouterine septum: A planning study. Brachytherapy 2024; 23: 115-122.
22.
Murakami N, Nakamura S, Kashihara T et al. Hyaluronic acid gel injection in rectovaginal septum reduced incidence of rectal bleeding in brachytherapy for gynecological malignancies. Brachytherapy 2020; 19: 154-161.
23.
Kobayashi R, Murakami N, Chiba T et al. Effect of hyaluronate acid injection on dose-volume parameters in brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7: 100918.
24.
Optimal care pathway for women with cervical cancer. Cancer Australia. Available at: https://cancer.org.au/assets/pdf/cervical-cancer-optimal-cancer-care-pathway. Accessed September 14th, 2024.
25.
Nakahara M, Murakami N, Chiba T et al. Gynecological technical notes for appropriate spacer injections. Brachytherapy 2024; 23: 45-51.
