ONKOLOGIA

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Ból przebijający - wpływ diagnostyki i oceny na skuteczność terapii
 
Dodane 16.12.2011
The influence of aerobic training on body composition in premenopausal women undergoing endocrine therapy for breast cancer
Aim of the study : The objective of the study was to determine the body composition (BC) changes in women with breast cancer after endocrine therapy, and the influence of aerobic training on the parameters under discussion. Material and methods : 41 women aged 32-48 (mean ± SD 44.1 ±4.4) with breast cancer during endocrine therapy (ET). This was a nonrandomized, prospective trial. The following examinations were conducted in patients according to the schedule: I before the beginning of ET; II after 6 months of the ET; III after 12 months of ET and after 6-month aerobic training. Body composition was evaluated using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with respect to free fatty mass, lean, fat and the percentage location of android and gynoid fat. The body build was evaluated with respect to body height, body weight and selected anthropometric parameters BMI and WHR. Results : During the first six months of ET without regular physical activity the following was reported: a significant increase of body weight, BMI, the amount of fatty tissue, including android fat distribution (p < 0.05); the lack of any significant change in the amount of gynoid fatty tissue (p > 0.05). At that time muscle (p < 0.05) and free fatty mass (p > 0.05) reductions were reported. After the six-month aerobic workout no significant body weight or BMI increase was observed. However, there was a significant reduction in WHR (p < 0.05), which correlated with the decrease of android fatty tissue (p < 0.05). The other elements evaluated in the DEXA underwent statistically insignificant changes. Conclusions : The outcome analysis allows us to conclude that during breast cancer ET the patients are reported to have negative changes in BC and phy­sique. Therefore, this patient group is advised to receive regular rehabilitation with the aim of reducing the side effects of the treatment. However, aerobic train­ing seems to be insufficient in order to fully reduce the side effects of this form of cancer therapy.
 
Dodane 16.12.2011
Prognostic value of expression of intracellular and extracellular domains of HER2 in patients with HER2-possitive breast cancer
Background : HER2 consists of an extracellular domain (the target for trastuzumab), a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, which is recognized by an antibody used in the immunohistochemical assessment of HER2 overexpression. The study consisted of 31 patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. The aim of the study was to evaluate retrospectively expression of extracellular and intracellular HER2 domains in primary breast cancers treated with surgery and to assess their correlation with biological features of tumours, disease-free survival, overall survival, as well as progression-free survival and survival since the start of trastuzumab treatment. Material and methods : All these patients relapsed and were treated with tras­tuzumab because of metastatic disease – none of them received trastuzumab in an adjuvant setting. Two kinds of antibodies were used in immunohistochemical evaluation: against extracellular and intracellular domains of the HER2. Results : A significant correlation between different patterns of HER2 domain overexpression and disease-free survival was found. Disease-free survival (the time from the primary operation to relapse – prior to the start of any palliative treatment) was the shortest in patients with overexpression of both domains compared to patients without overexpression of both domains and the group with intracellular domain overexpression combined with absence of extracellular domain overexpression (median 13.2 vs. 24.3 vs. 52.4 months, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between these 3 groups of patients in aspects of biological features of tumours, overall survival, progression-free survival and survival since the start of trastuzumab treatment. Conclusion: Concurrent assessment of extracellular and intracellular domains of HER2 may have prognostic value for HER2-positive patients.
 
Dodane 16.12.2011
The association of complementary alternative medicine use with anxiety, depression and quality of life in Turkish cancer patients
Aim of the study : The purpose of this study is to investigate the complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) usage and the factors affecting this among cancer patients in the western region of Turkey. 220 adult cancer patients participated in the study and 93 patients (42.3%) were found to use at least one CAM method. Material and methods : Our study was done by face-to-face communication in a university hospital, in Turkey. Oncology patients’ primary diseases, sociodemographic characteristics, complementary alternative medicine usage, psychological conditions and quality of life were evaluated with proper psychological scales. Patients using and not using CAM were compared with respect to Beck Depression, State Trait Anxiety and Beck Hopelessness scores. No statistically significant difference was detected between/among the groups in BDI (12.0 ±8.4, 11.9 ±8.7, p = 0.96), BHS (5.5 ±4.9, 4.8 ±4.4, p = 0.27) or STAI (43.7 ±8.0, 44.3 ±8.2, p = 0.64) scores. Patients using and not using CAM were compared with respect to WHOQOL-BREF quality of life scores. There was no statistically significant difference between/among the groups in WHOQOL-BREF sub-group scores (physical, psychological, social relations, environment, standardized by culture (environment), general health). Results : Nearly half of the patients (42.3%) in this region were found to be using at least one of the CAM methods. The patients mostly preferred herbal methods, with the leading product being stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). The severity of disease (recurrence and dissemination) and patients’ knowledge of the diagnoses were the most important factors affecting the CAM usage. Conclusions : The usage of CAM by oncology patients and the effects of CAM on the present medication prescribed by oncology practitioners must be remembered when they are admitted to polyclinics. Also it must be known that patients with advanced stage and patients with recurrence are more likely to use complementary alternative medications than early stage patients. Therefore oncology patients must be informed about CAM besides their clinical situations. At least physicians should give answers about the CAM to their patients.
 
Dodane 16.12.2011
Head and neck squamous cell cancer – the role of computed tomography enhanced with perfusion imaging in tumour staging
Aim of the study: To determine the ad­ded value of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images combined with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images in staging of head and neck squamous cell cancer (SCC). Material and methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients with histologically proven squamous cell cancer of the head and neck and qualified for surgical treatment were prospectively evaluated in 2 groups: based on CECT multiplanar reformations (axial, coronal and sagittal), and separately, based on CTP images combined with CECT data. Tumour stage was assessed in each group separately, with special emphasis on T4 stage, and results were compared with histological findings. Five patients underwent endoscopic laser tumour resection, 11 underwent other tumour resection (glossectomy, pharyngectomy) and 31 patients underwent en-bloc resection of the hypopharynx and larynx, allowing detailed pathological evaluation of possible tumour infiltration into surrounding structures. Two experienced head and neck radiologists evaluated the images. Inter-observer agreement was tested with the modified k test. The χ2 test was applied to compare the number of correctly staged tumours for the two methods and readers. Results : Inter-observer agreement was high (k = 0.88-0.90). Significant differences between the two groups were observed; with added CTP assessment more anatomical structures were rated positive for tumour infiltration and diagnostic accuracy of this method was significantly higher when compared to CECT images. Sole evaluation of CECT images in less advanced cases led to overestimation of the disease, since inflammation and slight oedema could not be differentiated from tumour. Conclusions : Contrast-enhanced computed tomography multi-planar images enhanced with CTP images were proven to improve accuracy in head and neck cancer staging. The added value of CTP may help to avoid overestimation of the malignant process and at the same time may facilitate depiction all infiltrated structures.
 
Dodane 16.12.2011
The use of a high dose of controlled-release oxycodone in a switch from oral morphine: a case report
[Polish version: Zastosowanie wysokiej dawki oksykodonu o kontrolowanym uwalnianiu po zmianie z doustnej morfiny – opis przypadku p... 337
Opisywany przypadek dotyczy pacjenta z zaawansowanym nowotworem o nieznanym umiejscowieniu pierwotnym, u którego pomyślnie przeprowadzono zamianę morfiny o kontrolowanym uwalnianiu (CR) na oksykodon CR. Mężczyznę, lat 71, przyjęto do hospicjum domowego ze względu na przerzuty nowotworowe do kości i szyjnych węzłów chłonnych po zastosowaniu radioterapii paliatywnej. Pacjent uskarżał się głównie na silny ból (o natężeniu 6–8 w skali NRS) w obrębie szyi i odcinku piersiowym kręgosłupa. Ból był oporny na tramadol, który zastąpiono przezskórnym fentanylem oraz morfiną CR w dawce dobowej ustalonej ostatecznie na 240 mg (40 mg w bólu przebijającym). Inną dolegliwością zgłaszaną przez pacjenta były zaparcia. Leczenie morfiną przerwano, a następnie wdrożono oksykodon CR w dawce 80 mg dwa razy na dobę. Po upływie 6 tygodni dawkę zwiększono do 100 mg dwa razy na dobę, osiągając zadowalający efekt przeciwbólowy (3–4 w skali NRS). Podczas przyjmowania oksykodonu CR nie stwierdzono istotnych działań niepożądanych. U pacjenta pomyślnie kontynuowano ustalony schemat leczenia aż do wystąpienia epizodu drgawkowego na skutek przerzutów nowotworowych do mózgu i skierowania pacjenta na oddział szpitalny w celu dalszego leczenia.
 
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Redaktor prowadzący:
dr n. med. Katarzyna Stencel - Oddział Onkologii Klinicznej z Pododdziałem Dziennej Chemioterapii, Wielkopolskie Centrum Pulmonologii i Torakochirurgii im. Eugenii i Janusza Zeylandów w Poznaniu
 
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